全球能源现状 Global Energy Situation

德国的气候比较温和，适应气候变化的自然条件较好，但从1901年到2008年，其平均气温上升了近1℃。1990到1999年是德国20世纪最热的十年。根据地区气候模型的测算，与1961年到1990年间的年均气温和夏季降水量相比，本世纪末，德国的年均气温将上升1.5℃~3.5℃，夏季降水量将下降20%~40%。如不采取有力措施加以应对，德国遭受干旱影响的地区将面临更严重的夏季高温少雨问题。从德国能源利用的变化趋势看，其可再生能源迅速发展，能效不断提高。2008年，德国初次能源消费量为1.4003万千兆焦耳（Petajoule），其中，石油产品消费量占35%、天然气占22%、无烟煤占13%、核能占12%、褐煤占11%、可再生能源占7%。可再生能源在初次能源消费中的比重从1998年的2.1%增长到2008年的7%，在电力生产中的比重从1990年的3.4%增长到2008年的15.1%。1990年，德国单位GDP的能耗为8.7兆焦耳（Megajoule），而2007年则下降到6.2兆焦耳；与此相对应的能源生产力从1990年到2008年提高了40.7%。2007年，德国的能源消费量较九十年代初期减少了6.1%，而同期的经济却增长了30%。可以说，德国的经济发展与能源消费增长基本脱钩。可再生能源的发展和能效的提高，使德国的温室气体排放量迅速减少。2008年，德国温室气体排放量为9.45亿吨，较1990年减少了22.2%，在第一承诺期的首年就超额完成了承诺期的全部减排任务（根据《京都议定书》，欧盟作为整体应在第一承诺期内即2008-2012年将其温室气体排放量以1990年为基准减少8%。为履行这一承诺，欧盟通过内部谈判将议定书规定的减排任务分配到各成员国，其中德国承诺减排21%）。从温室气体的排放源来看，德国源于电力和交通的排放量占80%，源于工业过程的排放量占12%，源于农业的排放量占5%，源于废物处理的排放量占1.2%；从温室气体的构成来看，CO2占排放总量的88%，其他温室气体排放占12%。电力、交通和工业部门将会继续作为德国减少温室气体排放的重点。To English,Germany's relatively mild climate, natural conditions of climate change adaptation is better, but 1901 to 2008, the average temperature has increased by nearly 1 ℃. 1990-1999 year is the warmest decade of the 20th century in Germany. Estimates based on climate models, and between 1961 to 1990 the average annual temperature and precipitation in summer compared to the end of the century, Germany's average annual temperature will rise by 1.5 ℃ ~ 3.5 ℃, summer precipitation decreased by 20% to 40% . If we do not take effective measures to deal with, drought-affected areas in Germany will face more serious dry summer heat problems. Changes in energy use from the German trend, the rapid development of renewable energy, energy efficiency continues to increase. In 2008, the German energy consumption for the first 1.4003 million gigajoules (Petajoule), which accounted for 35% of the consumption of petroleum products, natural gas accounted for 22%, 13% anthracite coal, nuclear energy accounted for 12%, 11% lignite, renewable energy 7%. Renewable energy in the initial energy consumption increased from 2.1% growth in 1998 to 7% in 2008, in electric power production increased from 3.4% growth in 1990 to 15.1% in 2008. In 1990, the German unit of GDP energy consumption was 8.7 MJ (Megajoule), and in 2007 dropped to 6.2 MJ; and this corresponds to the energy production from 1990 to 2008 increased by 40.7%. In 2007, Germany's energy consumption reduction compared with 6.1% in the early nineties, the economy over the same period grew by 30%. Can be said that Germany's economic development and growth of energy consumption basic decoupling. The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency improvements, so that Germany's rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In 2008, greenhouse gas emissions in Germany was 9.45 million tons, compared with 1990 decreased by 22.2% in the first commitment period over the first year to complete all the emission reduction commitment period of the task (under the "Kyoto Protocol", the European Union as a whole that should be in the first commitment period 2008-2012, its greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 decreased by 8% for the benchmark. To fulfill this commitment, the EU negotiations will be through internal distribution of tasks to reduce emissions under the Protocol to the Member States, Germany, which promised 21% reduction). Source of greenhouse gas emissions from the point of view, Germany's emissions from electricity and transport accounts for 80% of emissions from industrial processes accounted for 12% of emissions from agriculture account for 5% of the emissions from waste disposal 1.2%; from the point of view the composition of greenhouse gases, CO2 emissions accounted for 88%, other 12% of greenhouse gas emissions. Electricity, transport and industrial sectors will continue to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a German focus.